James Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay example

James Baldwins Notes of a Native Son demonstrates his complex and unique relationship with his father. Baldwins relationship with his father is very similar to most father-son relationships but the effect of racial discrimination on the lives of both, (the father and the son) makes it distinctive. At the outset, Baldwin accepts the fact that his father was only trying to look out for him, but deep down, he cannot help but feel that his father was imposing his thoughts and experiences on him. Baldwins depiction of his relationship with his father while he was alive is full of loathing and detest for him and his ideologies, but as he matures, he discovers his father in himself. His fathers hatred in relation to the white American†¦show more content†¦The white world had shut the door on him and he finally conceded the burden of being black. Baldwin affirms, I had discovered the weight of the white people in the world (222). Baldwin realized that his father was not trying to pa ss along his racist beliefs. He was simply trying to save them from the agonizing conduct of the whites towards them. He found the reason behind the bitterness in his father. Baldwin also became aware that the bitterness, which he had once hated in his father, was now a part of him The bitterness which had helped to kill my father could also kill me (222). Baldwin did not want live a lonely life; the fear of becoming, what his father once was, dwelled in Baldwin. He realized that he had to free himself of the bitterness, before the bitterness distanced him from his family (like it had, for his father). Baldwin felt torn between the feeling of hatred that he had always felt for his father and a gnawing feeling of guilt for not being able to understand the reason for his fathers detached behavior. He emphasizes, The moment I saw him I knew why I had put off this visit so long. I told my mother that I did not want to see him because I hated him. But this was not true. It was only that I had hated him and I wanted to hold onto this hatred (230). Baldwin was afraid to admit that his hatred was meaningless; but that feeling of hate had resided in him for as long as he could remember. Baldwin was not sure if heShow MoreRelated James Baldwins Narration and Analysis in Notes of a Native Son1233 Words   |  5 Pagesand hate in James Baldwin’s essay â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† Throughout this essay James Baldwin continually makes references to life and death, blacks and whites, and love and hate. He uses his small experiences to explain a much larger, more complicated pict ure of life. From the first paragraph of the essay to the last paragraph, Baldwin continually makes connections on his point of view on life; beginning with the day his father died, to the time that his father was buried. James Baldwin is anRead More James Baldwins Life in Notes of a Native Son Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pages James Baldwin lived during an extremely tumultuous time where hatred ruled the country. Race riots, beatings, and injustice flooded the cities that he, as well as most African Americans, was forced to live with every day. Many people, out of fright, suppressed their opposition to the blatant inequalities of the nation. However, some people refused to let themselves be put down solely because of their skin color and so they publicly announced their opposition. One such person was James BaldwinRead MoreInfluences of Racism in James Baldwins Notes of a Native Son644 Words   |  3 Pagesto school or even work? Yes, another set of influences. In Notes of a Native Son we see all these things come into play as we read about how James Baldwin tries to understand racism. In the beginning Baldwin describes his father as a mean person and he begins to question and try to understand why his father was the way he was. We see how the father tries to pass along his racist beliefs to Baldwin when he is speaking to his son, he became more explicit and warned me that my white friends inRead More Reviews of Notes of a Native Son Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pages Reviews of Notes of a Native Son Notes of a Native Son, a widely acclaimed and celebrated book by James Baldwin was subjected to many reviews upon its first publication. There were many opposing views between reviewers but almost all came to the conclusion that Baldwin’s use of words was extremely eloquent and intelligent. Specifically an article titled â€Å"Rage unto Order† by Dachine Rainer was very adamant about Baldwin’s genius as a writer but hardly did anything to explain or exemplify thatRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Notes of a Native Son1485 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† James Baldwin is a highly renowned African-American essay writer who is best known for his ability to interweave narrative and argument into concise well-written essays. He had his first book published at the early age of 19 and has published some astounding literature during the time of civil rights activism. He succeeded himself to rise out of his poverty to become an amazing writer through self-determination and courage. In his essay entitled, â€Å"Notes of a NativeRead MoreEssay on Hatred in Notes of a Native Son1156 Words   |  5 Pagesthe written word. But James Baldwin, a popular black writer during this time period, does not harp on this subject. Instead of preaching about his hatred for white America, Baldwin utilizes his narrative and analysis techniques to illustrate the destructive nature of the black society’s hatred for white society in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†. The hatred many African Americans possessed during the 1950s caused multiple riots. Baldwin touches on this in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†, by mentioning the HarlemRead MoreEssay about Notes of a Native Son: Stubbornness Vs. Persistence788 Words   |  4 Pages In James Baldwins essay Notes of a Native Son he tries to show how his father has affected his life. Baldwin does not think that his father will or has any effect on his life. It is not until after his father dies that Baldwin realizes what his father had continually told him is actually be true. Baldwins relationship with his father is very similar to most child parent relationship. Children often think that their parents know nothing and it is not until something actually happens thatRead MoreThe Impact of James Baldwins Writing on the Civil Rights Movement1323 Words   |  5 PagesJames Baldwin is looked upon by many as the first of the great Black writers to have had a significant impact on the Civil Rights movement. James Baldwin work was very important to the civil rights movement and he was influenced by the civil rights movement. Born in 1924, Baldwin moved to Paris, France in his early twenties and it was from there that he did most of his important writing (Boyd). Baldwin began his writing career as a novelist and his personal goal was always to attain a status as aRead More Baldwins Father in Notes of a Native Son Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesby writers to convey their experiences to an audience. James Baldwin is a renowned author for bringing his experience to literature. He grew up Harlem in the 1940’s and 1950’s, a crucial point in history for America due to the escalading conflict between people of different races marked by the race riots of Harlem and Detroit. This environment that Baldwin grew up in inspires and influences him to write the narrative â€Å"Notes of a Native Son,† which is based on his experience with racism and theRead MoreNotes t o a Native Son1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthe last paragraph in the biographical section on page 51 that starts with â€Å"In ‘Notes of a Native Son,’† was most useful to my understanding of this essay because it gives a brief summary of Baldwin’s essay. However, the first couple of sentences on page 49 gave me an idea of what kind of writer Baldwin is: â€Å"took on the responsibility of speaking as a black American about the ‘Negro problems in America.’† 2) Baldwin’s father is a minister whom he never gets to know as a true loving parent. There

History of Police - 1058 Words

The history of Police Paper Samuel G. Gilley CJA/214 – Introduction to Police Theory and Practices June 10, 2012 Judith Brodsky Abstract This paper is about the history of police in America. This paper will describe the impact of Sir Robert Peel on American policing. Also, it will discuss the different stages of police in America. In addition, it will analyze the relationship between the government and the policing organizations throughout the United States. Police history is something everyone should know about. Police have been around for a long time. The history of police is important to know about because it helps people understand why some of the†¦show more content†¦These logics from Great Britain. In 1634, Boston created its first watch. These watchmen patrolled at night through the city against fires, disorder, and crime. When the town got more people, the nightwatch became day and night watch. Using the English tradition, they used all men to serve as watchmen. This duty turned into a professional position later, after there were men trying to avoid this duty. Most of the first American police departments were versions of the watch system that was expanded. The first police officers in America did not wear uniforms or carry weapons. They were only were identified by a distinguishing cap and badge. Once the levels of crime and violence augmented, police started to carry weapons in the nineteenth century (Schmalleger, 200 9).. The political era had men without formal education, those in unscrupulous health, and people with criminal records. There were officers who did not have job security because they could be fired on the spot. Sometimes after an election all the officers could be fired and rehired. According to â€Å"Schmalleger, 2009)†, officers in big cities made more money than factory workers. Local politicians used to reward their friends jobs on the police force. Also, there were cities entire areas not really patrolled (Schmalleger, 2009). Telephones did not exist, so people in the city could not call anyone about crime. Officers patrolled on foot and their supervisor could not keepShow MoreRelatedPolice History711 Words   |  3 PagesPolice History Gamaliel Diaz- Maldonado University of Phoenix Introduction To Police Theories And Practice (CJA/214) April 11, 2013 Police history The United States and Puerto Rico have a fast growing society. This Society with a different points of view and social class who divide the people and his positions in our community. Analyzing the situation in deferent’s point of views we always see a common merge to make the real situation work out for us and the persons who surrounds us. ForRead MoreHistory of Police Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Police History of Police The role of police officers is very significant to American history. Police work toward protecting citizens’ rights and helping America become the land of the free. The United States of America is built from the U.S. Constitution Bill of Rights and police play a major role in making sure American rights are met. Evolution has changed many of American history for the better; policing is part of those changes. As new issues in society arise, police mustRead MorePolice History Paper1117 Words   |  5 Pagesthey were in the 1800s. Peel established the Metropolitan Police when he served as Home Secretary of England. Since Sir Robert Peel introduced his principles of policing in the early 1800s, our country has continued to follow his ideas of effective policing. Community policing is based on Peels concept of prevention. According to one of Peel’s principals, the real key for policing is The police are the people and the people are the police. Peel believed that prevention of crime could be accomplishedRead MorePolice Policing History911 Words   |  4 Pagesin her slow progress towards regulating policing standards and recruitment but liberal regions of the nation, like New York and California, were paving the way for professional attitudes toward policing by enforcing more extensive and comprehensive police recruitment standards. Gourley emphasized the need for regulation and professionalism in policing by comparing law enforcement to other highly skilled careers: â€Å"the traditional professions such as medicine law and teaching, [where] there is a recognizedRead MoreThe History Of Police And African Americans Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst inequality to help end the unnecessary murders and unjust police beatings. However, where did these tensions between police and African Americans begin? This question can be answered by looking at the history of police in America and why they were originally established. Police first came on to the scene in 1704 when Carolina established the nation’s first slave patrol that would turn into what we know today as the modern police. The slave patrol had the duty of searching for runaway slavesRead MoreHistory Of Rocklin Police Department1144 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of Rocklin Police Department Thirty miles east of California’s State Capitol lies a unique town called Rocklin. This small town which was originally known as â€Å"Secret Ravine† originated in 1860, with a population of 440 and is recognized throughout history for its rock quarries and railroads. According to Roy Ruhkala (1974) Rocklin built its first city jail in the middle of the 1880’s, and was crafted of granite, with a small steel window and door. Each night a watchman patrolled the streetsRead MoreHistory Of Police Work During The United States1946 Words   |  8 Pages Since the beginning of police work in America, the system has changed from disorganized chaos into a well structured and rather complex network of communication, response efforts, and detection of lawless behavior. From the creation of the town watch to the transformation of the first police force in the colonies to the lawlessness of the old west and the efforts to revive efficient police work, America has been ever a dvancing its protection of those who live in the White House, the suburbs, theRead MoreThe History of Police Agencies and Different Types of Law Enforcement877 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of Police Agencies: Policing in the United States has mainly been based and expanded on the ideas of English way of policing. The English way of policing has not only been used as the basis for American policing but it has also been used to commence an era of evolving police agencies. In its early years, policing in the United States was largely regarded as a civic duty or responsibility of community members. The appointed officers were neither trained nor paid for their servicesRead MoreHistory Of Police. The United States’ Early Policing Was1265 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Police The United States’ early policing was rooted in the ancient system of British common law (Reppetto, 2010). The system depended heavily on watch groups and citizen volunteers. The U.S. has taken up a lot of initiatives to reform its system of policing since the 1960s. President Lyndon Johnson played an integral part to facilitate early reforms to policing. The primary functions of police in the US include law enforcement, protection of property, and limiting of civil disorder. PoliceRead MoreLaw Enforcement History: Historical Development of Police Agencies and Their Jurisdictions1017 Words   |  4 PagesThe Historical Development of Police Agencies and Their Jurisdictions: An Analysis Man is cruel and competitive. For these reasons, man often times wrongs others in society. And for this reason, it is necessary to have a law enforcement agency, whether local, state-based, or federal. In the absence of the rule of law, society would not be able to function, and man must make a pact that, in order to live and be protected within society, he must obey these laws. Police agencies often times serve as

Presidents of the Philippines Free Essays

Inocencio, Salve Regina S. W;F 11:00-12:30 BSCA 2-2March 6, 2013 Presidents of the Philippine Republic President| Birthday| Native Land| Term of Office| AKA/ Alias| Distinction| Greatest Achievement/ Legacy| Downfall| Cause of Death| Remarks| 1. Emilio Aguinaldo| March 22, 1869| Kawit, Cavite| January 20,  1899–April 1,1901| Heneral Miong| * He was the youngest (at age 28) to have become the country’s preside * The longest-lived former president (having survived to age 94)| * Gained the freedom of the Philippines from the Spaniards. We will write a custom essay sample on Presidents of the Philippines or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Philippines’ first President| * The invasion of the Americans| (February 6, 1964 )Coronary thrombosis| * He is still a good president of the Philippines even though there are lots of controversies about him. He did his best to protect his people from the invaders. | 2. Manuel L. Quezon| August 19, 1878| Baler, Aurora| November 15, 1935-August 1, 1944| Nonong| * He is the president of the  Commonwealth of the Philippines| * Father of the  National Language * He appears on the Philippine twenty peso bill| | (August 1, 1944)Tuberculosis | * He did a great job to improve the economy. 3. Jose P. Laurel| March 9, 1891| Tanauan, Batangas| December 4, 1942  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ October 14, 1943| JPL| * The puppet president of the Philippines. He was controlled by the Japanese in heading the country| * He was selected, by the National Assembly, under vigorous Japanese influence, to serve as President. | * He violated his Oath of Office and headed an illegal government of the Philippines . | (November 6, 1959)Unspecified| * I cannot say that Laurel is a good leader in the country because there are many wrong doings that he did. He was also been accused as a traitor. 4. Sergio Osmena| September 9, 1878| Cebu City, Cebu| August 1, 1944-May 28, 1946| SO| * The first  Visayan   to become President of the Philippines. | * Founder of  Nacionalista Party * Together with Manuel Roxas, Pres. Sergio Osmena went on a mission to the US to ask for the Philippines’ independence. The mission was called OSROX. The Philippines was granted its independence. | | (19 October 1961)Unspecified| * Despite of the war, Osmena was still brave to fight for the Philippines. He didn’t leave his countrymen in the fight. He also did rehabilitations in order to reserve the Philippines from war. | 5. Manuel Roxas| January 1, 1892| Capiz, Capiz| May 28, 1946-April 15, 1948| Manoling| * The first president of the independent  Third Republic of the Philippines| * Ratification of the Bell Trade Act * The Inclusion of the Parity amendment in the constitution * The signing of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement * The enactment of Hare – Hawes cutting Law in 1932 Tydings Mcduffie Act which led to the granting of the Philippine independence on July 04, 1946| | (April 15, 1948)Heart attack| * His term only last 1 year 10 months and 18 days. But even though he only served short, he managed to contribute in rescuing the country from its dire economic straits. He has he trait of agood leader. | 6. Elpidio R. Quirino| November 16, 1890| Vigan, Ilocos Sur| April 17, 1948-December 30, 1953| Pidiong| | * Hydroelectric project in Lanao * The establishment of PACSA * He signed the Magna Carta of Labor and Minimum Wage Law * Amnesty for the Huks| The Quirino administration was generally challenged by the  Hukbalahaps, who ransacked towns and barrios| (February 29, 1956)Hart Failure| * He was marked notable with reconstruction and economic gain But, his administration tainted by widespread corruption. | 7. Ramon Magsaysay| August 31, 1907| Iba, Zambales| December 30, 1953-March 17, 1957| Monching| * He was the first Philippine President born during the 20th century. | * His administration was considered one of the cleanest and most corruption-free; his presidency was cited as the Philippines’ Golden Years * He led the foundation of the  Southeast Asia Treaty Organization  also known as the Manila Pact of 1954 * He is the first Philippine president to wear a barong tagalog in his inauguration| | (March 17, 1957)Plane crash| * He brought back the trust of the Filipinos to the government and militaries by proving integrity I his term. He is a good man to all. | 8. Carlos P. Garcia| November 4, 1896| Talibon, Bohol| March 18, 1957-December 30, 1961| CPG| | * He  exercised the  Filipino First Policy * He acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement * Initiated the â€Å"The Austerity Program†| | (June 14, 1971)Heart attack | * He believes that the government should no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests in the national economy. Because of this the country learned to stand on its own. | 9. Diosdado Macapagal| September 28, 1910| Lubao, Pampanga| December 30, 1961-December 30, 1965| Dado| | * He introduced the country’s first  land reform  law * He   placed the peso on the free currency exchange market * He shifted the country’s observance of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. | | (April 21, 1997)Heart failure,  pneumonia  and  renal  complications| * He focused on suppressing graft and corruption in the country. He also pursue the agricultural land reform code of 1963. And this favored the farmers. This does mean he is for the masses. | 10. Ferdinand E. Marcos| September 11, 1917|   Sarrat,  Ilocos Norte| December 30, 1965-February 25, 1986| Macoy| * The dictator who proclaimed martial law | * He proclaimed martial law and reigned 20 years as the President of the Philippines * Laws written by Marcos are still in force and in effect. | Corruption, political mismanagement, assassination of Benigno â€Å"Ninoy† Aquino Jr. | (September 28, 1989)Kidney failure| * Marcos’ term is worst. His administration was marred by massive corruption, political repression, and human rights violations. He is a selfish and greedy leader. | 11. Maria Corazon C. Aquino| January 25, 1933| Paniqui, Tarlac| February 25, 1986- June 30, 1992| Cory| * She uses a yellow ribbon as a symbol of democracy. | * The first female president of the Philippines and in Asia * She was named Woman of the Year by the Time Magazine in 1986 * Mother of Philippine Democracy| * Coup attempts , natural disaster like the erruption of the Mt. Pinatubo, the earthquake in Luzon, the typhoon Uring and it is also n her term where MV Dona Paz sank| (August 1, 2009)Colon Cancer| * Despite the fact that she doesn’t have any learning about politics, she still runs for the democracy. She is a fearless and selfless woman. | 12. Fidel V. Ramos| March 18, 1928| Lingayen, Pangasinan| June 30, 1992-June 30, 1998| Eddie| | * He declared his support for reinstating the death penalty * It is in his term the Philippines experienced rapid economic growth and expansion * He signed into law  Republic Act 7636-  Anti-Subversion Law. * 1997 Asian Financial Crisis| (March 18, 1928- Present)| *   As a result of his hands-on approach to the economy, the Philippines were dubbed by various internationally as  Asia’s Next Economic Tiger. He is a hard- working man and appropriate to be a leader. | 13. Joseph E. Estrada| April 19, 1937| Tondo, Manila| June 30, 1998  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ January 20, 2001| Erap| * He is an actor before becomi ng the President of the Philippines| * He declared an â€Å"all-out-war† against the  Moro Islamic Liberation Front| * Jueteng case * Jose Pidal issue| (April 19, 1937- Present)| * Estrada is a brave man. A fighter against those people who are enemy of the country. But, he is not also that idealistic leader. Still there are controversies about corruption and gambling. | 14. Gloria M. Arroyo|   April 5, 1947|   Lubao, Pampanga| January 20, 2001  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ June 30, 2010| Ate Glo| | * She focuses on infrastructures like the Clark,rehabilitation of NLEX and SLEX, MRT/ LRT extension and the PNR * Tourist industry boost in her term| * Electoral sabotage * Corruption| (April 5, 1947- Present)| * She is not the model of a person with integrity. Her family especially her husband took money from the government’s income. Yes she have many deeds to improve infrastructures but she is no good as a president. | 15. Benigno Aquino III| February 8, 1960| Manila| June 30, 2010- present| Noynoy| * Came from the family who contributed to gain the democracy of the people from Marcos. | * He signed  Executive Order No. 9, eorganizing the Presidential Commission on the  Visiting Forces Agreement * He  signed  Proclamation No. 3, declaring November 23, 2010, as a national day of remembrance for the victims in the  Maguindanao massacre. * Implemented Executive Order # 7 which suspends the privileges of executives of 122 Government Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs). | | (February 8, 1960- Present)| * Aquino is walking in the shoes of his parents. He is cleaning the government from corruption and improving the economy. But, despite of this many are still not satisfied with his performance| How to cite Presidents of the Philippines, Essay examples

Change Management in Health Care

Question: Discuss about theChange Management in Health Care. Answer: Change Management in Huntington Memorial Hospital Introduction Huntington Memorial Hospital is among the best health centers in the US. Research suggests that the 500 bed facility approximately 27000 admissions on an annual basis. Additionally, its emergency rooms have more than 57000 visits annually on average (Huntington Hospital, 2016). The mission of the hospital is to assure that the patients receive quality service through optimum utilization of the highly skilled and passionate professionals and incorporation of modern technology (Scott, 2012). To ensure that the facility is up to date with the changing technology, the management has installed a decentralized information system for every department. Thus, the staff members have easy access to information related to the department they work in. The communication process among the personnel is also faster as the workers access either the personalized or the organizational information through their corporate mails (Day Shannon, 2015). Although the decentralized system has helped improve the transfer of data among the healthcare professionals, the system presents numerous challenges to attainment of the set mission and thus there is a need to change it to a more centralized one. In the medical center, a restorative specialist is endowed with the commitment of giving best care administrations to the patients. Therapeutic care should be without missteps. In any case, there are diverse frequencies of botches and carelessness that are still seen in the health facility as far as solution strategies. Convictions have shown that missteps happen more a significant part of the time where the nurse director plan to help patients as opposed to mischief them. It is apparent that nobody yet the medical attendants will be reprimanded for these slip-ups. These bungles are a blend of components from remedial administrations circumstances, mis-organization of social protection supplies, correspondence holes among prosperity specialists, weaknesses in orderly preparing and insufficiency in chaperon's parts. Specialists must fulfill their parts with dependability to ensure patient's security and trustworthiness of human administrations structure. The medicinal services system must actualize e-solution to keep away from any event of therapeutic bungles in the treatment of patients. Specialists must be upheld, enlivened, and asked to consider the change, best wellbeing practices and issue emerging in the health facility. A medicinal overseer should have the ability to recognize the conceivable outcomes of a mistake happening amid solution, progression in restorative frameworks and cognizance of master commitments (Pdr, Pataki, Sebestyn, 2011) Outline of Change The required change within the hospital is centralization of the information system. The existing decentralized one presents the healthcare center with numerous challenges, one of them being that a specialist from one department faces barriers when accessing the information from other departments (Como et al., 2014). Each department has an information system where the specialists input medical data, such as diagnosis, treatment, medication of patients, nurses in charge of patients, supplies within the department. For a doctor in the cancer department to access information from the emergency room, he or she would have to ask for clearance from the ER head of department. The inability to access relevant information has resulted in increased medical errors for patients dealing with more than one department. For example, a patient suffering from cancer and thrombosis and admitted in the cancer ward, the required medication of thrombosis is overlooked. This could be either due to lack of knowledge or due to lack of timely access to information. As a result, there is reduced quality of services, endangerment of the lives of patients, and the hospital faces the threat of lawsuits. Centralization of the information system would help the specialists access the files of patients from different departments and assign the best treatment and care in a timely manner (Engineer et al., 2015). Approach to be used in Managing Change The best model for managing the change of the information system is the Kotters 8 Step Process of Change Management (Campbell, 2014). Although it is time consuming, it would help prepare all the staff members to embrace change and be a part of the process. The first process entails increasing the urgency of change through highlighting the medical errors that have occurred due to lack of access of adequate information. Moreover, pointing out the health centers that have a centralized system and reduced errors would enable the members of the firm see the need to change the existing system. Building the guiding team is the second step. Assembling the information system technicians of all departments would guarantee a composition of people with adequate knowledge on the operations of all departments. Involving the heads of department would increase the enthusiasm and commitment to improving the quality standards of the hospital. The third step is development of a vision and a strategy that are in line with the mission of the hospital of maintenance of high quality standards through incorporation of advanced technology. The strategies would entail sensitizing and educating people on the essence of improving the communication system and evaluating methods of improvement. This would provide a platform for the fourth step, which is of communication of the centralized information system (Dunphy, 2013). Through communication, the team leader would increase awareness on the components and features of the information system. Some of them are the use of one server system for the whole hospital, operation from the different computers, use of passwords for restricted documents, and granting accessibility for authorized persons only. Teaching the team members on the necessity to access the documents, advantages that the organization would have, and the roles they would play to ensure successful launch of a more effective and efficient system would improve the work synergy. Frequent talking of change to the other employees would improve their acquaintance to the new system (Casali Day, 2015). After communication of the change, there would be a need to embrace empowering actions that aid in removing barriers of change. For example, engagement of workers would help deal with any negative attitudes. Frequent communication with the management of the organization would increase the level of support of the change (Bartunek Woodman, 2015). Continual assessment of barriers and dealing with them would improve the cooperation level. The sixth step, which involves creation of short wins, members of the hospitals would be encouraged to participate through rewards (Burke, 2003). For example, those who give viable suggestions on how to incorporate the new information would be recognized and awarded. Moreover, there could be development of a small project of two departments sharing information to aid the workers associate with the success the information system would bring. It is also necessary to produce more change through consolidating gains. In this level, it would be necessary to centralize the whole information system. In case of any element that conflict against the mission of the healthcare, it would be restructured. Setting achievable objectives would not only help in identification of areas of improvement but also in discovery of new innovative concepts that would increase the benefits. Rotation of responsibilities among the team members would elevate innovativeness. The last step is consolidation of change as a new culture. This would help the workers cease to hold onto the concepts of the decentralized system. Some of the effective strategies are frequent talking of the new system, recognizing the contributors, and ensuring the key leaders of change influence more people (Campbell, 2012). Key Elements to be Managed during Change Since change faces numerous challenges, it is important to manage elements that would reduce the barriers of incorporation of the new system. One of the key elements is resistance to change. Since people fear the unknown, their first reaction to a new concept is rejecting it. Instead of focusing on the benefits, they dwell on the disadvantages (Charlesworth et al., 2016). For example, the management may reject the new system due to the high implementation cost. The elevated cost would be due to the expensive server that would serve the whole hospital, construction of a secure location for the server, and development of the program. The workers, on the other hand, could reject change due to fear of losing their jobs. For example, the departmental technicians may think that the system would only require one operator. To manage this challenge, it would be important to manage the communication strategies. One of the tactics would be enlightenment of the management of the organization. Presenting the need to improve the system in light of the benefits and disadvantages would result in the leaders making an informed judgment (Booth, Zwar Harris, 2013). Enlightenment of the workers on the requirement of change and giving an assurance of job security would reduce the level of resistance. Another communication strategy is elimination of rumors. People within the organization may distribute incorrect information giving rise to resistance to change. To eliminate such an occurrence, all the members of the organization would be notified about the change through the corporate mails, meetings, and notice boards (Allen, 2016). Another crucial element that requires management is the skills and labor (Carter, 2015). The change process requires people who are capable of developing a program that supports the number of staff members and patients of the organization. Other essential persons are computer hardware specialists who would install the server, designers of the server room and constructors. Some of these skills are available in the firm, such as the constructors and technicians who can develop the program. However, there would be a need to outsource the hardware installation task and the designing of the server. All the staff members would require going through a training program to enlighten them on how to operate the new system. It is also important to manage closely the goal of the change to prevent any probability of individuals deviating from the set vision. One of the strategies to ensure the attainment of set objective is its frequent communication. All people working in the organization would be aware of the target of the project. Employee engagement and issuing rewards would increase their motivation of ensuring the success of the new system (Pdr, Pataki Sebestyn, 2011). For example, there would be recognition and issuing bonuses for workers who research and come up with ways of increasing the level of efficiency and effectiveness of the Information system. Moreover, training the team members on working as a team and handling conflicts would improve the workforce synergy and commitment to the goal. How to Measure Success To ensure the effectiveness of the change implemented in the organization, there is a need to assess the results, which reflect the level of success. From the results, there could be development of ways of overcoming the present disadvantages and challenges to improve the efficiency level. One method of measuring success is benchmarking (Rufo, 2012). The new system is compared to the system of an organization whose level of performance is very high. For example, comparisons and differences could be evaluated between the organization and John Hopkins Hospital, which uses the centralized information system. The differences that do not present any advantages but disadvantages would be an indication of sources of improvement. Another measure of success is the gap analysis technique, which compares the current system to the set goals of the project during the change process. The difference between the expected results and the current position is an indication of points of correction. However, if the difference is zero, then the system was successfully implemented. This technique would entail collection of data from the staff members and the patients through administration of questionnaires. Using non-biased and close-ended questions would help improve on the accuracy of data collected. The open-ended questions, on the other hand, would help reflect whether the system has sufficiently met the expectation level (Grohar-Murray, DiCroce Langan, 2016). Low the unmet expectations signify high success level. How to use Outcomes in Future One of the ways the outcomes could be useful is through improvement of the implemented system to meet the expectations among the employees and patients, and the set goals. The results indicate some of the pitfalls of the system. Working on them would raise the quality standards, therefore ensuring that the success level is higher than during the evaluation process. Moreover, there would be improved guarantee of the information system working towards the set organizational mission (Hayes, 2014). The successful models and factors that promote the success of the change process could act as a platform for future changes in the organization (Lawrence, 2014). For example, if the communication strategies applied helped reduce the level of resistance to change, they could be applicable in addressing other changes in the system since they would have a higher probability of success than those not tested in the hospital. The management could also learn from the failures and challenges. Consequently, there would be improvement of the model during future use. Conclusion Centralization of the information system is a major change that Huntington Memorial Hospital requires. To ensure that there is successful implementation of change, the most appropriate model to be used is Kotters eight-step process model. There would be elimination of barriers to change through managing resistance to change, communication, required skills, and the set goals. After the implementation process, the evaluation process to be used for evaluating the success of the project would be benchmarking and comparison of the set goals to the current operation of the system. From these results, the hospital could improve the efficiency and effectiveness level of the new system. Moreover, the models applied during this change management process could be useful in future implementation of change since change is inevitable. 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