O’Grady Apparel Company Essay

Examining Risk and Return on Chargers Products’ Investments Junior Sayou, a monetary expert for Chargers Products, a producer of arena seats, must assess the hazard and return of two resources, X and Y. The firm is thinking about addng these advantages for its differentiated resource portfolio. To evaluate the arrival and danger of every benefit, Junior accumulated information on the yearly income and starting and end-of-year estimations of every advantage over the quickly going before 10 years, 1997-2006. These information are summed up in the table beneath. By and large, will in general act later on similarly as they have during the previous 10 years. He along these lines accepts that the normal yearly return can be assessed by finding the normal yearly return for every advantage in the course of recent years. Junior accepts that each asset’s hazard can be surveyed in two different ways: in separation and as a major aspect of the firm’s expanded arrangement of benefits. The danger of the benefits in separation can be found by utilizing the standard deviation and coefficient of variety of profits in the course of recent years. The capital resource valuing model (CAPM) can be utilized to evaluate the asset’s chance as a component of the firm’s arrangement of advantages. Applying some advanced quantitative procedures, Junior assessed betas for resources X and Y of 1.60 and 1.10, individually. What's more, he found that the hazard free rate is presently 7% and that the market return is 10%.

Wacc for Fiat Group free essay sample

The WACC is the weighted normal expense of capital. It is a computation of the organizations cost of capital considering the pertinent load of value and obligation as an extent of the aggregate. The expense of value or KE determined utilizing a hazard free rate model German 5yr government security, the firm’s beta and the arrival available. The firm’s beta is a computation of the organizations presentation to the market, a beta of under 1 demonstrates that the firm isn't as affected by outer factors as the normal firm in that advertise. A beta more noteworthy than 1 shows that the firm is more intensely presented to advertise factors than the normal firm in that showcase. The equation I will use to compute the expense of value is the CAP-M recipe and is as per the following; KE = RF + B (RM †RF) RF = Risk free rate, B = Firm’s Beta, RM = Return available The expense of obligation or KD is determined by finding the inward pace of return for all the organizations securities. We will compose a custom article test on Wacc for Fiat Group or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page First the coupon on the bond is found for every one of the rest of the years until development, at that point we deduct charge, at long last we pick test two markdown factors and put our discoveries into the accompanying equation; IRR = DCF1 + (DCF2 †DCF1) * NPV1 †0/NPV1 NPV2 Once we have discovered our KE and KD we should discover the loads of both the value and obligation capital. At long last the entirety of this data is gone into our WACC equation which is as per the following where MV is the market estimation of the organization; WACC = (KE * MV of value/MV of organization) + (KD * MV of obligation/MV of organization) Cost of Debt I additionally delighted in, while I discovered calm troublesome, the degree of closely-held conviction that goes into a report this way. I was extremely keen on the various figures I found for Fiats beta, I picked a high beta of 1. 62 because of the way that the engine business is so unpredictable as observed by the impact of the ongoing financial accident on vehicle deals. Likewise the sharp turn that the value oil can have largy affects the engine business, substantially more so than the impact on other assembling ventures as in addition to the fact that Fiat uses oil in the creation of its items its items additionally expect it to work. I ran into a couple of troubles toward the beginning primarily when it went to the picking of an organization to inquire about. From the start I pick Ryanair however as Ryanair don't have any given bonds I chose to investigate another organization in any event for my first endeavor of a report of this nature. The primary concern I picked up from doing this report was the capacity to investigate an organization, from the outset I thought that it was extremely troublesome and tedious simply attempting to recover calculates that I thought were correct.

Urdu Essay Topics For Grade 5

Urdu Essay Topics For Grade 5Urdu essay topics for grade 5 are all the rage now. The reason for this is that, the parents are looking for solutions to their child's problems and find it easy to discuss difficult subjects with their child.Urdu is a highly difficult language to learn in school. This is why most of the teachers prefer to teach the students only the basics. The problem with this is that, the students are not really being taught how to learn the language and the concepts involved in speaking and writing it. To add to this, the English level of the students in school are not even the same as the levels that the students who have studied Urdu in school have.The most important thing that you need to remember while writing your essay is that you should make your subject as interesting as possible. Since, Urdu is a very different language from English, you need to make the ideas, words and sentences appealing to the students to make them interested.There are some popular topic s that can be used to write Urdu essay topics for grade 5. These topics are of great help especially to children. The first one is the famous Koran. This is a topic of great interest to children and helps them to understand what they are talking about.A very important thing to remember is to use the root word in the root sentence. While you use the root word to explain the main idea, do not use it to repeat the main idea. For example, the word 'Allah' is used in Urdu to explain the main idea and the root word is used to translate the root idea. It is not necessary to repeat the root idea.You can also use the word 'willow' to refer to a tree. The word 'willow' is the root word of the word 'willow tree'. There are many other examples of this. All these are available in the English version of the Koran.There are many more topics, which can be used to write Urdu essay topics for grade 5. You can research about the topic and come up with many interesting ideas. Remember, Urdu is a diffic ult language to learn. Hence, you have to come up with interesting ideas that will make the students interested in the topic.

Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments of Unipolar and Bipolar...

Causes and 2 Unipolar and bipolar disorders are fairly common and they can have devastating effects to an individual. There has been much study and documentation on these disorders. This paper will review the causes of both unipolar and bipolar disorders. The symptoms of both of these disorders will be highlighted and discussed. Treatment options will be reviewed that are available to individuals who find that they are suffering from these disorders. Unipolar disorder is characterized by an individual feeling only depression without the mood swing of extreme happiness. There are many theories about what can cause unipolar disorder. Genetics may play a key role. If a person comes from a family where depression occurs, that family should†¦show more content†¦They are also similar in that there is limited success with these approaches. The cognitive approach consists of four phases and is very effective in helping people overcome depression. The phases start with increasing the individual’s life activities which elevates their mood, the second phase forces individuals to change their automatic negative thoughts so they will be more positive, the third phase takes the new positive attitude and applies that thinking to the individual’s sense of what is happening in their life, the fourth and final stage is to change the primary attitudes that allowed the depressive behavior to begin (Chapter 7, 2009). There are not nearly as many treatments for bipolar disorder. In fact, there is only one treatment that seems to have lasting effects. This treatment uses therapy with a professional coupled with medications. â€Å"Antibipolar drugs, also called mood stabilizers, help steady the mood of those with a bipolar disorder† (Chapter 2, 2009). The advances in treatment are due to the discovery of lithium as a medication. This drug works extremely well to eliminate manic episodes and even help with the depression. The drugs Causes and 5 must be used with therapy because it has been found that neither the drugs or therapy is enough by themselves. Both of these disorders are serious and require the attention of trained professionals. No one has agreed on the causes of these disorders but what is importantShow MoreRelatedBipolar and Unipolar Disorder Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesdealing with bipolar or unipolar disorder. Even though these two disorders are similar, there are marked differences, different causes, and different treatment. Bipolar and Unipolar Disorder Bipolar and unipolar are two different disorders that affect millions of people; however, there are differences in between the two mood disorders. Bipolar is differentiated by two distinguishing phases of mania and depression, and the rapid cycling of these two phases is a key element of bipolar. (JacksonRead MoreAbnormal Psychology-Unipolar and Bipolar Depression Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesAbnormal Psychology | Unipolar and Bipolar Depression | Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment | Shawn M Best 10/16/2011 | Identifying the causes of unipolar and bipolar depression can be a complicated task because there are no known exact causes, just theories. These theories include chemical and hormonal imbalances within the brain, a misfiring of ion activity, and inherited genetics or biological abnormalities (Comer, 2005). Individuals who suffer with unipolar depression, which isRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Depression And Depression1457 Words   |  6 Pagesto be mood disorders such as depression or mania (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Depression is a sad, low state where life seems dark and overwhelming (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Mania is a state of frenzied energy or breathless euphoria where a person may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking (Comer, 2011, p. 193). Mania and depression are the two key emotions in mood disorders and most people who have one usually only suffer from depression, which is called unipolar depression (ComerRead MoreDepression Paper1107 Words   |  5 Pageswill examine two forms of clinical depression, unipolar, and bipolar depression. Depression can be so debilitating that it can cause a person to become suicidal. This depression is termed Unipolar. According to The American Psychiatric Association’s DSM, Unipolar depression is described as a significant depressed period that lasts more than two weeks. During this period an individual exhibits a minimum of five depressive symptoms (Comer, 2005). Symptoms of depression can include the inability toRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental Disorders1249 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder, also known as manic/depressive disorder once was a disorder that carried a severe societal stigmatism. It now has carries less stigmatism but is a disorder which has become difficult to diagnosis and extremely prevalent in today’s society. Due to the manic characteristic of the disorder it differentiates itself from the typical form of depression. Even though both depression and bipolar disorder can be due to an imbalance in brain chemistry and biology, genetics, or ef fected byRead More Bipolar Disorder versus Unpolar Disorder Essay501 Words   |  3 Pages Bipolar disorder is a medical condition that is characterized by severe changes in mood. These mood swings can be so dramatic that a person may lose their ability to function. The issue of genetic linkage to bipolar disorder is being investigated by several researchers. Some research done has concluded that chromosome 18q, the monoamine oxidase a gene, and the serotonin transporter, all have a link to bipolar patients. The studies have been made on a large variety of different ethnic groupsRead MoreDifferences Between Disorders1129 Words   |  5 Pages1. Distinguish between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder using DSM-5 criteria. (485) Before answering the question let’s see what each term means. Bipolar disorder is a disorder that is marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Unipolar depression is depression without history of mania (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Dysthymic disorder are mood disorder that are similar to but not as long lasting and less disablingRead More Mood Disorder Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans million are affected by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.â€Å" Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations†Read MoreBipolar Disorder And Mental D isorders1364 Words   |  6 PagesIntro Bipolar disorder is an emotional instability checked by great movements in disposition going from a hyper to a depressive state. Bipolar disorder is additionally called bipolar disease or manic depression. Bipolar disorder oppresses 3 to 5% of the populace with inconvenient impact on life possibilities. People with Bipolar Disorder will face life span danger for mood shifts, including fatal consequences. â€Å"It is sixth most common cause of disability in the United States (Altman et al., 2006)Read MoreMajor Depressive Disorder ( Unipolar Depression ) And Bipolar Depression2296 Words   |  10 Pagesdiagnosis of both Major Depressive Disorder (Unipolar depression) and Bipolar Depression can be made on the basis of characteristics of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE). That is, can an MDE in patients with Major Depressive Disorder be differentiated from a MDE in patients with Bipolar Disorder? Firstly, the extremes in mood, Major Depressive Episode and mania/hypomania will be defin ed and it will be explained how they contribute to a diagnosis of MDD or Bipolar Disorder based on the diagnostic criteria

The Controversial Issue of Religion in Schools Essay

The Controversial Issue of Religion in Schools Religion in Schools has proven to be a very controversial matter as of lately. Even though teaching about religion is allowed in public schools, there are still many questions that are being asked in order to provide a basis of what is appropriate for school, and what is inappropriate. The first amendment to the United States Constitution says that congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof which implies that you have the choice of exercising your own religion, no matter what it may be. However, this poses an interesting argument within the public schools of America because we have such a diverse population with†¦show more content†¦President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorized the change so that the United States would be separated from our Soviet Union enemies who were purely Atheist. (Borja, 2002, paragraph 17.) To many people, the pledge is a constant affirmation of unity and love, and to many it is seen as just a giant cult-like prayer. The argument of the words ?under god? remaining in the pledge is an ongoing fight?one with many court cases, all of which have ruled the same. The ruling is that under god is still appropriate and need not be removed from the pledge. The argument is clear, saying that there are many people who are not ?under God? and do not believe in ?Him.? Some people believe this statement shows that our nation?s religious beliefs are all the same, when in fact they are not. In a recent case in California, a few chief justices spoke on their opinion about the pledge. Justice Rehnquist says ?Reciting the pledge, or listening to others recite it, is a patriotic exercise, not a religious one? Participants promise fidelity to our flag and our nation, not to any particular God, Faith or Church.? (Hendrie, 2004, paragraph 25). Judge O?Connor says that ?nearly any government action could be overturned as a violation of the establishment clause if a ?heckler?s veto? sufficed to show that its messa ge was one of endorsement.? (Hendrie, 2004, paragraph 27). To many people?s surprise, it is not necessary for children to recite the pledge of allegiance atShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Issue of Teaching Religion in Public Schools2528 Words   |  11 PagesThe Controversial Issue of Teaching Religion in Public Schools Religion and public schooling, is one of todays most controversial issues in society . The question at hand is whether the teachers in the public schools should teach religion in Americas school systems or not. This controversy has been the issue of many Supreme Court rulings within the past thirty-five years. Separation of church and state seems inevitable for this nation. Problems keep arising and court rulings are handedRead MoreThe Diary Of Anne Frank, Huckleberry Finn Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagespopular young adolescent books have been banned from school districts? Many novels such as Harry Potter, The Giver, The Diary of Anne Frank, Huckleberry Finn, and so many others have been taken away from the children because they hold controversy. These novels have had references to promoting witchcraft, religion, sex, insulting other races, and so on. What many people do not see is that all of these books hold great importance. All of these controversial books have been able to teach the children aboutRead More Battleground Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pageshome keeper. Frost went to the school and told the principal what she thought about the books. She believed that the books went against everything she taught her children. She believed Satan wrote these books. She took her children out of class during reading time, from that point on. When the school told her that her children would fail if they didn’t attend class, Frost was astounded. After many battles with the local school, she took her case to court. The school said the books were appropriateRead MoreA Brief Note On Advocacy And Social Justice1599 Words   |  7 Pagestopics such as religion, race, language, and many more. In recent years, some regulations have paved the way for equal opportunity for all students regardless of the factors listed above. Reviewing past policies and changes will help us understand the importance of advocating for the oppression of those systems and helping prom ote social justice for our society. Religion’s role in education stemmed from two controversial issues, the promotion of religious instruction in public schools and the use ofRead MoreWilliam Warren V. Warren Court1496 Words   |  6 PagesDistinctive within American history, the duration in which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1953 to 1969) witnessed a vigorous court fearless to challenge controversial issues. Changing the way Americans today perceive their relationship with their government, an activist court did much to expand the rights of the individual and the power of the federal government to enforce civil rights legislation. Not since then has the Supreme Court generated so muchRead MoreThe Constitutional Provisions Of Teachers976 Words   |  4 PagesConstitutional provisions protect teachers at public schools that are not able to teach at private schools. Some of the rights that these teachers obtain are due process rights, which involve a notice of termi nation and a right to hearing in certain circumstances. They also have freedom of expression and association. Other rights under the constitutional provisions include academic freedom and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures by school officials of a teacher’s personal property. I believeRead MorePrayer in Public Schools894 Words   |  4 Pages Should prayer be allowed in public schools? This is a question with a highly controversial answer. There are many different angles to this question with varying ideas and opinions that never seem to agree with one another. The issue of prayer in public schools has, and will continue to be, at the center of many controversial debates. Just consider the fact that public educational system in United States is a secular or non-religious one that is quick to shut down any religious actions. This isRead MoreEssay about Prayer in Schools523 Words   |  3 PagesPrayer in Schools Religion is any system of beliefs or the moral values that people follow. Some people actually define religion as their whole purpose in life. Religion is often times the key that defines who people are. Religion is where people find themselves and the purpose for their lives. Combine all these beliefs about religion and peoples pride and it is understandable why people are so devoted to their religious beliefs. This makes religion a crucial component to most peoplesRead More Fiscal Policy In The US Essay720 Words   |  3 Pageshead, â€Å"Duh! Why don’t people explore this option?† Also, if they lower the amount of money Congress can spend they are lowering the amount of money for schools and education, among other things. A controversial part of the budget includes spending money for religious based activities and voucher’s so that people may have the choice of schools. My reaction to this can be best described as almost an annoyance. I am young and naive but I feel strongly about things I believe and I am also veryRead MoreArticle Review : Land Of The Free 1218 Words   |  5 Pagesquests to impose their values upon local schools by lobbying for the banning of controversial books. This continuing book censorship is harmful to students not only because it restricts rights granted by United States law, but also because it encourages narrow-mindedness and embraces ignorance when children are at such a young and impressionable age. Many people think of book censorship mainly as a moral issue, however not many analyze it as a legal issue as well. The First Amendment of the United

Social Responsibility free essay sample

Social Responsibility Phoenix Student ETHB16 social Responslblllty Paper According to Cambridge Dlctlonarles online (20131 social responslblllty Is the practice of producing goods and services In d way that Is not harmful to society or the environment. [If the previous statement is a direct quote, be sure to indicate the entire quoted statement in quotation marks and include either the page or paragraph number from the source] Two examples of social responsibility efforts or actions that will be the topics ot dlscusslon are the Patient Protectlon and Attordable care Act (Obamacare), and the Goodwill Ambassadors of Mlaml Dade. The Obamacare act permits flexibility and stability to Americans so that they receive the best health care available. Goodwill Ambassadors provide a vital service to communities throughout Miami Dade County. Good preview of the main points. The Obamacare act will guarantee that all Americans have access to quality health care that Is affordable, Patients with pre-exlstlng condltlons wlll receive assistance wlth this legislation. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This act will also Increase Innovation in the health care workforce that will require more health care workers and extensive training for staff to ensure that the best medical treatment is provided. Ensuring Medicare sustainability is another important factor within the Obamacare act. An advisory board composed of 15 people is in place to submit proposals to Congress to reduce costs for beneficiaries atter family members no longer receive care trom hospice centers, nursing homes, hospitals. The Goodwill ambassadors of Mlaml Dade are known for their socially responsible actions throughout South Florida. This group formed as a way to help local law enforcement agencies deal with the challenges of large crowds. The group consists of approximately 200 volunteers who are all employees of various epartments of Miami Dade County Training on how to handle large crowds, customer service. and crisis management are provided to the goodwill ambassadors prior to each event. The American Diabetes walk (201 3), annual parades, and Memorial Day/Urban Beach Week are events that goodwill ambassadors have assisted with. Double-space throughout. After examining both the efforts of both the Obamacare act, and the goodwill ambassadors, it is easy to understand the impact each have on Society. The Obamacare Act will attect most Americans because many people that either have no Insurance or pay expensive premiums will be able to receive the best health care at Advocacy (2013), The goodwill ambassadors willingness to make a difference, by helping guests to our area deal with the special circumstances of an event, despite the culture and personal experiences that may differ from their own, sets these volunteers apart from the traditional manner by which Miami-Dade County chooses to deliver excellent customer service. Nice wrapup/summary remember to use block formatting for direct quotes of 40 or more words. An alternative is to araphrase or summarize the author which allows you to integrate the information into a normal paragraph and it adds originality. ] References Cambridge dictionaries online. (2013). Retrieved from http:// dictionary. cambridge. rg/us/ dictionary/business-english/social-responsibility Democratic policy committee. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. dpc . senate. gov/ healthreformbill /healthbi1104. pdf Miami dade: office of community advocacy. (2013). Retrieved from http:// www. miamidade. gov/ advocacy/goodwill-ambassadors. asp Check reference page formatting requirements. You must double-space throughout the reference page as well.

TQM In Foodservice Introduction One Of The Most Important Industries O

TQM in Foodservice Introduction One of the most important industries overall is the food industry. The food industry consists of everything from food processing plants to fast food restaurants. The food industry affects nearly every living person. Most people don't realize how important this industry is and how it affects their everyday lives. That is why it is so critical that the products of this industry are at their highest quality, are free of bacteria and ensure that the consumer will not face any detrimental consequences. Total Quality Management (TQM) plays a big role in promising these results. Total Quality Management seems to be a confusing term for the layman. TQM is a philosophy advocated by Dr. Edward Deming, a world renowned quality guru. It was widely accepted by Japan from 1950 onward. They used this principle for continuous refinement of an organization-wide quality system. Since then many organizations around the world have adopted TQM or similar methodologies. The re have been many successes and many reported failures. Success of the system depends on the total commitment of the people to quality from top to bottom within the organization. TQM implementation is based on team work and the philosophy of continuous improvement. Statistics need to be used extensively to analyze and reduce the variation in the process. In the food industry, continuous improvement is vital to the survival of a specific company or restaurant. The customer is constantly purchasing the products of competitors and any decline in quality will equal a decrease in gross profits. There are several areas that a restaurant may focus on for quality improvement such as menu offerings, hospitality, service, cleanliness, and over all food quality. All of these aspects will be covered in this paper concerning Total Quality Management. Summary Employee Ritz-Carlton of Kansas City, Missouri, recently revamped menu selections for its rooftop-level restaurant and bar operation. This came about through customer surveys, focus-group studies of local restaurant patrons, employee opinions, and market analysis. This began with the general manager, Norm Howard, as TQM must start at the top to be successful. He states that "It [TQM] is about listening to your customers and empowering your employees to participate in important business decisions" (Stephenson, 1993). Taco Bell, with the implementation of a Total Quality Management system, has improved its speed of service, friendliness of service, and value for money ratings. This company has done this by empowering employees and seeking customer input. By integrating their employees into the system, Taco Bell has also decreased employee turnover by 63% (Stephenson, 1993). According to the article "TQM: Making it Work for You," there are six areas that need to be focused on (Stephenson, 1993). The first area is measuring quantitative results of various surveys and studies and basing future decisions strictly on these ou tcomes. This information could come from something as simple as a comment card, but these cards must tell the business more than what was good and bad, but why. The second area to be focused on is empowering the employees. Allowing the employees to be involved in the team effort. Make the employees feel responsible for their actions and allow the employees to fix their problems. This is where many franchises lack, making it the manager's responsibility to fix the problems that the employees create. If management treats employees in a respectable manner, the employee will turn around and treat the customer with respect also. Avoiding errors is the third area that needs to be focused on. The main focus of a Total Quality Management program is to eliminate errors before they can occur. Systems cause about 80% of all errors, so if the system is error free, then the employee has a lesser chance of making mistakes. Next comes the integration of management into the process. Total Quality M anagement implies that management must be 100% in favor of the program, or else the employees will not respond properly. Employees will follow the lead of the management team. Last is to do what the customer want, as TQM In Foodservice Introduction One Of The Most Important Industries O TQM in Foodservice Introduction One of the most important industries overall is the food industry. The food industry consists of everything from food processing plants to fast food restaurants. The food industry affects nearly every living person. Most people don't realize how important this industry is and how it affects their everyday lives. That is why it is so critical that the products of this industry are at their highest quality, are free of bacteria and ensure that the consumer will not face any detrimental consequences. Total Quality Management (TQM) plays a big role in promising these results. Total Quality Management seems to be a confusing term for the layman. TQM is a philosophy advocated by Dr. Edward Deming, a world renowned quality guru. It was widely accepted by Japan from 1950 onward. They used this principle for continuous refinement of an organization-wide quality system. Since then many organizations around the world have adopted TQM or similar methodologies. The re have been many successes and many reported failures. Success of the system depends on the total commitment of the people to quality from top to bottom within the organization. TQM implementation is based on team work and the philosophy of continuous improvement. Statistics need to be used extensively to analyze and reduce the variation in the process. In the food industry, continuous improvement is vital to the survival of a specific company or restaurant. The customer is constantly purchasing the products of competitors and any decline in quality will equal a decrease in gross profits. There are several areas that a restaurant may focus on for quality improvement such as menu offerings, hospitality, service, cleanliness, and over all food quality. All of these aspects will be covered in this paper concerning Total Quality Management. Summary Employee Ritz-Carlton of Kansas City, Missouri, recently revamped menu selections for its rooftop-level restaurant and bar operation. This came about through customer surveys, focus-group studies of local restaurant patrons, employee opinions, and market analysis. This began with the general manager, Norm Howard, as TQM must start at the top to be successful. He states that "It [TQM] is about listening to your customers and empowering your employees to participate in important business decisions" (Stephenson, 1993). Taco Bell, with the implementation of a Total Quality Management system, has improved its speed of service, friendliness of service, and value for money ratings. This company has done this by empowering employees and seeking customer input. By integrating their employees into the system, Taco Bell has also decreased employee turnover by 63% (Stephenson, 1993). According to the article "TQM: Making it Work for You," there are six areas that need to be focused on (Stephenson, 1993). The first area is measuring quantitative results of various surveys and studies and basing future decisions strictly on these ou tcomes. This information could come from something as simple as a comment card, but these cards must tell the business more than what was good and bad, but why. The second area to be focused on is empowering the employees. Allowing the employees to be involved in the team effort. Make the employees feel responsible for their actions and allow the employees to fix their problems. This is where many franchises lack, making it the manager's responsibility to fix the problems that the employees create. If management treats employees in a respectable manner, the employee will turn around and treat the customer with respect also. Avoiding errors is the third area that needs to be focused on. The main focus of a Total Quality Management program is to eliminate errors before they can occur. Systems cause about 80% of all errors, so if the system is error free, then the employee has a lesser chance of making mistakes. Next comes the integration of management into the process. Total Quality M anagement implies that management must be 100% in favor of the program, or else the employees will not respond properly. Employees will follow the lead of the management team. Last is to do what the customer want, as